Virginia had said it wanted the British and Hessian prisoners, but it wasn't fully prepared to receive them. When George Washington, the military commander for the colonialists, decided that Boston was just too close to where there were British troops in strength to be confident the large number of prisoners from the Battle of Saratoga wouldn't just be freed and returned immediately to the fighting, he faced a quandary of what to do with them. Eyeing the logistical burden they had been on the Boston area, even though they had added to the economy of the region, Pennsylvania bowed out as a possible place of relocation at that time. Only Virginia made a bid, and the bid was made by the prominent political leader Thomas Jefferson, who saw the advantageâand, in particular, the personal advantageâof locating them in central Virginia, where he himself lived.
The British captivesâespecially the officersâwere welcome because, of all the colonies, Virginia had the closest ties to England and the English aristocracy. Many of the British soldiers had relatives in Virginia who were worried for their welfare and ready to host them for the duration of the war. As for the Hessians, Jefferson's reasoning was personal. He was a man close to European art, architecture, and music. He knew there were carpenters, artists, cooks, and musicians among the Germans. Jefferson was an architect himself, in the Italian and French style mainly, but any European influence was interesting to him. Having seen what the Hessians did for the Boston merchants in terms of building mansions, Jefferson wanted cheap and experienced labor to do the same for the plantation houses he was designing for his friends in and around Charlottesville.
Artisans such as Lawrence and Johann fell in closely with Jefferson's plans, but first they had to survive the winter of 1779, which hit Virginia particularly hard. The reception they received when the weary trekkers at last made it down to Virginia in January, 1779, was not propitious.
They were first brought to the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, a few miles west of Charlottesville, which lay between the Blue Ridge and the Southwest Mountains immediately to the east of the town. A hilly area had been designated for them and named the Hessian Hills. It was reached from Charlottesville by a road being built that was named Barracks Road, because it led to the barracks of the internment camp. But accommodations had not been completed for the prisoners before they arrived, and they even had to construct the last couple of miles of Barracks Road themselves. The British officer captivesâand even the Hessian commanders, such as Baron Riedeselâwere taken in by area landowners and entertained in style, but enlisted prisoners such as Johann and guards such as Lawrence were left to establish their own means of surviving the winter. They found half-constructed log cabins in dense woods on hilly terrain, few provisions, and a landscape swirling in snow.
Attrition stepped up over the winter. Many men died from exhaustion and exposure. Many more just walked off in search of better conditions. By now the American military strategists weren't that worried anymore that these men would get back to their home-forces lines. If they were absorbed into the local population, that was all for the good for the economy and was that many fewer mouths to feed and lives to control.
By spring, though, Jefferson and his friends had sorted out what the talents and abilities of this influx of manpower was, and the surviving men were put to work, basically in two sections. Jefferson lived on a mountaintop of the Southwest Range above the Rivanna River just to the east of Charlottesville. Most of his friends lived on plantations in the same area. The land west of the town and toward the Blue Ridge was being developed by more recent residents, many of them of Scots-Irish descent. Jefferson siphoned off the more skilled and talented of the Hessians for his own needs. The first Hessians, in fact, to leave the Hessian Hills and relocate to the base of the small mountain Jefferson's home, Monticello, topped were members of a band of musicians who accompanied Jefferson on his violin. Lawrence and Johann were in the next wave of men relocated to the east. Both of their skills were in high demand to turn Jefferson's European-style house designs into finely constructed buildings for himself and his friends, and, in particular for the interior plaster work that Johann specialized in that was popular at the time in Europe.
Living conditions for Lawrence and Johann and the other artisans snapped up by Jefferson immediately improved over those in the Hessian Hills. They were not so much better, though, that Johann shook the control of Lawrence. They still roomed together. Lawrence was still the jailer, and Johann was still his personal prisoner. Still, the improved conditions and now living together with other artisans in a village meant that Lawrence had to dispense with hobbling Johann at night.
Johann had ratcheted back his expectations for life. He lost himself in his work and was known in this period to be noncommunicative and withdrawn into himself. By all outward appearances, he welcomed the control of Lawrenceâand Johann was too tired of life to try to dispel this impression. All he lived for now was his plaster art. There no longer seemed any threat of him trying to escape his lot in life.
That was until an afternoon in late June 1779, when a contingent of landowners from the west of town rode over to the artisan village at the base of Monticello Mountain to consult with Jefferson on house plans and to contract for the services of specialists such as Johann.
Johann was in a field near the artisan village, drying plaster medallions on boards laid across sawhorses, when the visitors from the west rode in. His eyes first went to a thin, elderly gentleman, very gray and gaunt looking, but elegantly dressed and patrician looking and riding his fine horse like he was a bred huntsman. Johann thought he looked handsome and very much in his element. But then his eyes slid away from that gentlemen to the one riding close beside him and being very solicitous of the elderly gentleman.
August! It had to be August. But it couldn't be. The man turned and looked at Johann then, though, and Johann realized that it indeed was Augustâseemingly back from the dead. The joyful expression on August's face acknowledged that August recognized Johann as well.
As the elderly gentleman was getting down from his horse, August leaned over to him, whispered something, and then dismounted and walked slowly over to where Johann was.
The two dared not embrace, although it was obvious they both wanted to. Johann looked around nervously, trying to locate where Lawrence was. But he was nowhere in sight. He was to be among those who met with the gentleman from the western side of town in the village's central hall, so he was fully occupied for at least the moment.
"You're . . ." Johann stammered as August hobbled as close to his former lover as he could without breaking down and rushing into Johann's arms.
"Yes, I'm alive," August said. "I know it is a shock for youâmuch more than for me. I looked for you for the last month in the Hessian Hills. But not finding you there, and hoping you were still alive, I thought I might see you here today."
"The last month?"
"Yes, I wasn't well before that. A wagon picked me up right after you left, so I rode the rest of the way here. I had blacked out and didn't regain consciousness until we were well ahead of where you were marching."
A wagon, Johann thought. The wagon that had nearly run him off the road that day when he was lost in grief.
"Oh, August," he said in a low, trembly voice.
"Not here, not now," August said. "But soon, I promise . . . I hope. Is Lawrence still here? Are you still with him . . . under his control?"
"Yes," Johann answered in a weak voice.
"Then we will have to be careful. If I were to find a way to help you escape, would you come with me?"
"Yes, oh yes. You need not even ask that."
"I thought that you and Lawrenceâ"
"I had become resigned to living with Lawrence and fully under his control. Because . . . because . . . but you are alive. I almost can't believe you are alive. But help me escape? I don't understand."
"Did you see that man I was riding beside?"